To select an alternative energy system for your home, you need to know what the major parts are called, what they do, and how they work together. Here is a quick overview and a drawing explaining the whole process.

The Process

Sun shining on solar modules produces DIRECT CURRENT electricity, or DC, the only kind of power stored in batteries. Often this is 12 volt DC, the standard used in cars and RV's. Larger systems may be designed for 24 volt DC, or sometimes 48 volt DC. This means combining the same 12v solar modules in pairs for 24 volts, or groups of four to get 48 volts. Alternately, if you are blessed enough to have a stream with the proper qualifications, a micro-hydro generator generally produces 12, 24, or 48 volts DC (depending on which hydro generator you select).

The DC power is stored in DEEP CYCLE LEAD-ACID BATTERIES, which give back the electricity as needed, even when no power is being produced. Like a bank account, power put into batteries over a period of time can be taken out more quickly if a lot is needed. Like a bank account, the total amount of power you withdraw cannot be more than you put in, or the account will be depleted. Moreover, lead acid batteries (most car batteries are lead acid), need to be frequently 100% fully charged to remain in good condition. They should never e drawn completely down to empty. Because of their needs, to get the most years from your batteries requires some supervision by the owner.

The INVERTER is a major component that converts the 12, 24, or 48 volt DC current from the battery into 120 volt AC current, the same as utility power for standard household lights, outlets, and appliances. Most solar homes use primarily 120 volt AC produced by the inverter. A few DC circuits are usually added where using DC can save energy. Sometimes a small alternative energy RV, boat, or cabin may have no inverter, and use only DC wiring and appliances to eliminate that expense.